please advise, where (in which bank) the company (registered either in the usa or in EU) can open a correspondent account?

another question is what kind of licences is necessary to possess for a company like Visa International?

what licenses are necessary to possess to handle the following activities:
- financial mediator activity/role where the financial mediator receives the finances/credit-debit cards/cash/the other ways of payment/etc and performing the money transactions(from one account into another/etc) on behalf of the clients.
- borrowing the money of the clients
- giving someone/some_company the money as some kind of loan
- trading the stocks and performing the investing activity on behalf of the clients
- financial guaranty issuing: issuing the documents approving the clients'creditability

Thanks in advance for your answers